Foundation Cracks: Spot, Fix, and Prevent

If you see cracks in walls, floors, or the exterior of your house, you might wonder if the foundation is to blame. A foundation crack can start small but grow if ignored, leading to uneven floors, door frames that stick, and costly repairs. The good news is most cracks have clear signs and simple steps you can take before they turn into a big problem.

Common Signs of a Foundation Crack

First, look at the pattern of the crack. Horizontal cracks are a red flag because they often mean pressure from soil is pushing against the wall. Vertical cracks can be normal settling, especially if they’re thin and straight, but a stair‑step pattern in a brick wall usually points to movement.

Next, check doors and windows. If they start to stick or won’t close properly, the frame may have shifted. Gaps around windows, especially on the inside, are another indicator.

Floor level changes are easy to miss. Place a level on the floor; if it tilts noticeably in one corner, the slab may be dropping. You can also use a tape measure to see if the distance between two fixed points changes over a few weeks.

Don’t forget the exterior. Cracks that appear near the foundation footing or in the concrete slab are often the first visible sign. Look for water pooling against the wall, too—moisture can worsen a crack and cause more damage.

DIY Fixes and When to Call a Pro

Small, vertical cracks that are less than a quarter inch wide can often be sealed with an epoxy injection kit. Clean the crack, apply the epoxy, and let it cure. This method stops water from getting in and gives the crack some strength.

For larger cracks, or any crack that keeps getting bigger, a professional should step in. They’ll assess the soil pressure, check for drainage issues, and may recommend underpinning or piering. Underpinning adds new support under the foundation, while piering uses steel piers driven deep into stable soil.

Before calling a pro, make sure your garden isn’t watering the foundation. Direct water onto the slab can push soil and create pressure. Use a French drain or extend downspouts at least three feet away from the house to keep water from pooling.

If you notice cracks after a heavy storm, it’s worth a quick inspection. Storms can shift soil dramatically, and a brief check can catch a developing problem before it spreads.

When you hire a contractor, ask about their experience with foundation repairs, request references, and get a written estimate. A reputable pro will explain the cause, the repair method, and the expected timeline.

In many cases, fixing a foundation crack early saves you from bigger expenses later, like floor replacement or wall rebuilding. It also protects your flooring investment – whether you choose hardwood, luxury vinyl, or carpet – because a stable base keeps any floor looking great for years.

Bottom line: keep an eye on cracks, understand what they mean, and act quickly. Simple maintenance like proper drainage and regular inspections can keep your home solid and your flooring looking its best.